| Scientific Name | Xylia xylocarpa (Roxb.) Taub |
| Trade Name | Irul |
| Local Name | Irul,Irumullu,Kadamaram |
| Family | Leguminosae |
| Tree Size | Medium to large |
| Tree Height ( m ) | 15 - 25 |
| Tree Diameter ( cm ) | 70 |
| Tree Distribution | Moist teak bearing, Southern moist mixed deciduous and West cost semi- evergreen forests. |
| Sapwood-Heartwood Distinction | Distinct |
| Sapwood Colour | Pale pinkish white |
| Heartwood Colour | Reddish brown with dark streaks |
| Hardness | Very hard |
| Specific Gravity Based on Weight Over-dry and Volume Green | 0.71 |
| Weight | Very heavy |
| Weight(Kg)/cubic meter at 12% Moisture Content | 833 |
| Texture | Medium to fine textured |
| Grain | Straight to interlocked grain |
| Growth Rings | Fairly distinct to indistinct demarcated by a narrow line of parenchyma |
| Porosity | Diffuse porous |
| Vessel Size | Vessels solitary and in radial multiples of two to three, small to medium sized |
| Vessel Arrangement | Solitary and in radial multiples of two to three. Individual vessel outline circular |
| Vessel Diameter | 110 - 185 150 |
| Vessel Element Lenght | 165 - 550 550 |
| Perforation | Simple |
| Pit Outline | Oval |
| Pit Size | Small to medium- sized(6-8- µm),vestured |
| Vessel Ray Pitting | Vessel ray pitting alternate and pit outline oval, pits occur throughout the ray cell |
| Ray Nature | Fine, small and closely spaced |
| Ray Arrangement/Type | One to two seriate, homogeneous wholly made up of procumbent cells |
| Ray Number | 13 - 15 |
| Ray Height | 575 - 1350 1200 |
| Fibre Walls | Thick walled, septate with minutely bordered pits on radial walls |
| Fiber Length | |
| Modulus of Rupture in kg/cm2 (Green) | 812.5 |
| Modulus of Elasticity in kg/cm2 (Green) | 116400 |
| Modulus of Rupture kg/cm2 (Dry) | 10978 |
| Modulus of Elasticity in kg/cm2 (Dry) | 142100 |
| Uses | Bridge and building construction, poles, cross arms, fence posts, railway sleepers, boat and ship building, textile mill accessories, agricultural implements, charcoal, fuel wood, beams & rafters, wells & wheels, carts & carriages, wharf & jetty decking & other docks, joinery & interior fittings, masts, oars, spokes, felloes, knaves, mine props, pulp making, plough and plough handles. |
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