| Scientific Name | Vateria indica L. |
| Trade Name | White dammar |
| Local Name | Vellappayin,Kunthirikkappayin, Indian copal |
| Family | Dipterocarpaceae |
| Tree Size | Large |
| Tree Height ( m ) | 20 - 30 |
| Tree Diameter ( cm ) | 140 |
| Tree Distribution | West coast tropical evergreen, West cost semi-evergreen and West coast secondary evergreen Dipterocarp forests |
| Sapwood-Heartwood Distinction | Distinct |
| Sapwood Colour | Creamy white to greyish white |
| Heartwood Colour | Whitish-grey turning light brownish on exposure |
| Hardness | Moderately hard |
| Specific Gravity Based on Weight Over-dry and Volume Green | 0.92 |
| Weight | Light to moderately heavy |
| Weight(Kg)/cubic meter at 12% Moisture Content | 575 |
| Texture | Medium coarse textured |
| Grain | Fairly straight to narrowly interlocked grain |
| Growth Rings | Indistinct |
| Porosity | Diffuse porous wood |
| Vessel Size | Vessels solitary and in radial multiples showing oblique grouping. Moderately large to small |
| Vessel Arrangement | Solitary and in radial multiples, often two to three vesseles grouped in oblique manner.Individual vessel outline circular |
| Vessel Diameter | 160 - 245 210 |
| Vessel Element Lenght | 400 - 850 850 |
| Perforation | Simple |
| Pit Outline | Polygonal to circular in shape |
| Pit Size | Medium to large (8-12 µm),non-vestured |
| Vessel Ray Pitting | Vessel ray pitting rounded with much reduced border. |
| Ray Nature | Broad rays, visible to the naked eye few and widely spaced.Vertical gum ducts, small and scattered, filled with white deposits present |
| Ray Arrangement/Type | One to four seriate, heterogeneous type-ll. In multiseriate rays made up of procumbent cells with two or more marginal raws of square cells. |
| Ray Number | 4 - 9 |
| Ray Height | 1000 - 2360 1630 |
| Fibre Walls | Thin to thick walled , non-septate with simple inter-fibre pits. |
| Fiber Length | |
| Modulus of Rupture in kg/cm2 (Green) | 573.1 |
| Modulus of Elasticity in kg/cm2 (Green) | 109500 |
| Modulus of Rupture kg/cm2 (Dry) | 770.8 |
| Modulus of Elasticity in kg/cm2 (Dry) | 129800 |
| Uses | Temporary construction, general purpose plywood, marine plywood, tea chests, blockboard, packing cases and boxes, joinery & interior fittings, masts, oars and pulp making. |
/39.jpg)
x/39.jpg)
x/39.jpg)