| Scientific Name | Bischofia javanica Bl. |
| Trade Name | Bishopwood |
| Local Name | Cholavenga,Neeli,Thiruppu,Mlachethayan |
| Family | Euphorbiaceae |
| Tree Size | Medium to large |
| Tree Height ( m ) | 15 - 25 |
| Tree Diameter ( cm ) | 110 |
| Tree Distribution | Sub-Himalayan forests from Kumaon eastwards through out the Eastern and Western Ghats,in Andaman Islands |
| Sapwood-Heartwood Distinction | Indistinct |
| Sapwood Colour | Cream to reddish brown |
| Heartwood Colour | Red to Dark pinkish red |
| Hardness | Moderately hard |
| Specific Gravity Based on Weight Over-dry and Volume Green | 0.45 |
| Weight | Heavy |
| Weight(Kg)/cubic meter at 12% Moisture Content | 740 |
| Texture | Coarse textured |
| Grain | Straight to irregularly interlocked grained |
| Growth Rings | Absent |
| Porosity | Diffuse porous |
| Vessel Size | Small to medium sized |
| Vessel Arrangement | Solitary or in radial multiples of two to three,rarely in clusters of 3-4 |
| Vessel Diameter | 170 - 280 230 |
| Vessel Element Lenght | 440 - 680 680 |
| Perforation | Simple |
| Pit Outline | Rounded |
| Pit Size | Large(10-18 µm),vestured |
| Vessel Ray Pitting | Large,oval with wide opening and much reduced border |
| Ray Nature | Moderately broad,numerous and closely spaced |
| Ray Arrangement/Type | 1-5 seriate,heterogeneous type-2,uniseriate rays made wholly of upright cells |
| Ray Number | 2 - 3 |
| Ray Height | 615 - 940 780 |
| Fibre Walls | Thin to thick walled,septate; minute pits on radial walls |
| Fiber Length | |
| Modulus of Rupture in kg/cm2 (Green) | 490 |
| Modulus of Elasticity in kg/cm2 (Green) | 88400 |
| Modulus of Rupture kg/cm2 (Dry) | 882 |
| Modulus of Elasticity in kg/cm2 (Dry) | 113100 |
| Uses | Construction bridges, house posts, rafters, piles, boats and dugouts, wells, wheels, poles, packing cases, fuel wood, railway sleepers, pulp making, tea chests, carving, furniture &cabinets. |
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