| Scientific Name |
Holoptelia integrifolia (Roxb.) Planch |
| Trade Name |
Indian elm, Kanju |
| Local Name |
Aval |
| Family |
Ulmaceae |
| Tree Size |
Medium to large |
| Tree Height ( m ) |
15 - |
| Tree Diameter ( cm ) |
80 - |
| Tree Distribution |
west coast semi-evergreen forests and occasionally in Moist teak bearing forests |
| Sapwood-Heartwood Distinction |
Indistinct |
| Sapwood Colour |
Light yellow to yellowish grey |
| Heartwood Colour |
Light yellow to yellowish grey |
| Hardness |
moderately hard |
| Specific Gravity Based on Weight Over-dry and Volume Green |
|
| Weight |
moderately heavy |
| Weight(Kg)/cubic meter at 12% Moisture Content |
595 - |
| Texture |
Medium |
| Grain |
somewhat interlocked |
| Growth Rings |
Scarcely distinct |
| Porosity |
diffuse porous |
| Vessel Size |
Medium to small sized |
| Vessel Arrangement |
Few to moderately numerous, mostly solitary or in radial multiples of 2 or 3 or rarely more |
| Vessel Diameter |
- |
| Vessel Element Lenght |
- |
| Perforation |
|
| Pit Outline |
|
| Pit Size |
|
| Vessel Ray Pitting |
|
| Ray Nature |
closely placed |
| Ray Arrangement/Type |
|
| Ray Number |
- |
| Ray Height |
- |
| Fibre Walls |
|
| Fiber Length |
|
| Modulus of Rupture in kg/cm2 (Green) |
598 |
| Modulus of Elasticity in kg/cm2 (Green) |
74600 |
| Modulus of Rupture kg/cm2 (Dry) |
719 |
| Modulus of Elasticity in kg/cm2 (Dry) |
91500 |
| Uses |
General construction; bobbins and cotton reels in textile mills general purpose Class I plywood; tea chests; decorative plywood; furniture and cabinets; blackboards; tool handles; agricultural implements; bentwood articles and toys |