Timbers of Kerala

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Scientific Name  Zanthoxylum rhetsa (Roxb.) DC.
Trade Name  Mullilam
Local Name  Mullilam, Kothumurikku
Family  Rutaceae
Tree Size  Medium to large
Tree Height ( m )  15 - 22
Tree Diameter ( cm )  40 - 50
Tree Distribution  Moist teak bearing forest and Southern moist mixed deciduous forests. Occasionally in West coast semi- evergreen forests.
Sapwood-Heartwood Distinction  Not distinct
Sapwood Colour  Yellowish grey
Heartwood Colour  Sapwood and heartwood distinct
Hardness  Moderately hard
Specific Gravity Based on Weight Over-dry and Volume Green 
Weight  Moderately heavy
Weight(Kg)/cubic meter at 12% Moisture Content  725
Texture  Fine to medium coarse textured
Grain  Straight to somewhat wavy grain
Growth Rings  Distinct
Porosity  Diffuse porous
Vessel Size  Vessels solitary and in radial multiples of two to four,small
Vessel Arrangement  Solitary and radial multiples of two to four, rarely in clusters of four. Individual vessel outline circular
Vessel Diameter   100 - 180 160
Vessel Element Lenght  260 - 790 790
Perforation  Simple
Pit Outline  Circular
Pit Size  Small(3-5 µm), vestured
Vessel Ray Pitting  Alternate and pit outline circular and occurs throughtout the ray cell
Ray Nature  Fine, numerous and closely spaced
Ray Arrangement/Type  One to three seriate, homogeneous, wholly made up of procumbent cells
Ray Number  3 - 7
Ray Height  560 - 1550 980
Fibre Walls  Thin to thick walled,septate with minute borderd pits on radial walls
Fiber Length 
Modulus of Rupture in kg/cm2 (Green)  775.6
Modulus of Elasticity in kg/cm2 (Green)  130200
Modulus of Rupture kg/cm2 (Dry)  1296
Modulus of Elasticity in kg/cm2 (Dry)  154200
Uses  General-purpose plywood, furniture and cabinets, tool handles, aircraft plywood, marine plywood, blockboard, fence posts and turnery shuttles in textile mills.
  • Tree Image
  • Timber Gross View
  • TS (100X)
  • TLS(100X)
  • RLS(100X)


College of Forestry - KAU