| Scientific Name |
Terminalia paniculata Roth |
| Trade Name |
Kindal |
| Local Name |
Pulla-maruthu, maruthi |
| Family |
Combretaceae |
| Tree Size |
Large |
| Tree Height ( m ) |
20 - |
| Tree Diameter ( cm ) |
90 - |
| Tree Distribution |
West coast semi-evergreen, Moist teak bearing. Southern moist mixed deciduous forests and Southern dry mixed deciduous forests |
| Sapwood-Heartwood Distinction |
Distinct |
| Sapwood Colour |
Greyish-white, often blotched with yellow |
| Heartwood Colour |
Greyish-brown |
| Hardness |
Hard to very hard |
| Specific Gravity Based on Weight Over-dry and Volume Green |
|
| Weight |
Moderately heavy to heavy |
| Weight(Kg)/cubic meter at 12% Moisture Content |
785 - |
| Texture |
Medium |
| Grain |
Straight to wavy |
| Growth Rings |
Scarcely distinct |
| Porosity |
diffuse porous |
| Vessel Size |
Medium to small |
| Vessel Arrangement |
Moderately few to few solitary or in radial multiples of 2, 3 or more rarely more |
| Vessel Diameter |
- |
| Vessel Element Lenght |
- |
| Perforation |
|
| Pit Outline |
|
| Pit Size |
|
| Vessel Ray Pitting |
|
| Ray Nature |
Very fine, closely spaced |
| Ray Arrangement/Type |
|
| Ray Number |
- |
| Ray Height |
- |
| Fibre Walls |
|
| Fiber Length |
|
| Modulus of Rupture in kg/cm2 (Green) |
846.7 |
| Modulus of Elasticity in kg/cm2 (Green) |
132200 |
| Modulus of Rupture kg/cm2 (Dry) |
1117.7 |
| Modulus of Elasticity in kg/cm2 (Dry) |
142700 |
| Uses |
Construction purposes as beams, posts, rafters and planks; tea chests; commercial grade plywood; blackboards; agricultural implements; railway sleepers; boat building; lorry bodies |