| Scientific Name | Holoptelea integrifolia (Roxb.)Planch. |
| Trade Name | Indian elm, Kanju |
| Local Name | Aaval |
| Family | Ulmaceae |
| Tree Size | Medium to large |
| Tree Height ( m ) | 15 - 25 |
| Tree Diameter ( cm ) | 80 |
| Tree Distribution | Teak bearing forest and semi-evergreen forest |
| Sapwood-Heartwood Distinction | Not distinct |
| Sapwood Colour | Light yellow |
| Heartwood Colour | Yellowish grey |
| Hardness | Moderately hard |
| Specific Gravity Based on Weight Over-dry and Volume Green | 0.57 |
| Weight | Moderately heavy |
| Weight(Kg)/cubic meter at 12% Moisture Content | 595 |
| Texture | Medium coarse textured |
| Grain | Interlocked grain |
| Growth Rings | Distinct |
| Porosity | Diffuse porous |
| Vessel Size | Medium sized |
| Vessel Arrangement | solitary and in radial multiples of two to three |
| Vessel Diameter | 135 - 190 165 |
| Vessel Element Lenght | 280 - 360 360 |
| Perforation | Simple |
| Pit Outline | Rounded |
| Pit Size | Small to medium (6-8 µm),non-vestured |
| Vessel Ray Pitting | Rounded with much reduced border |
| Ray Nature | Fine to moderately broad,numerous and closely spaced |
| Ray Arrangement/Type | 1-4 cell wide ,heterogenous type-3 and storied .Body of ray made up of procumbent cells with 1 or 2 marginal row of square cells |
| Ray Number | 5 - 7 |
| Ray Height | 240 - 350 300 |
| Fibre Walls | Thin to thick walled,non-septate; minute pits on radial walls |
| Fiber Length | |
| Modulus of Rupture in kg/cm2 (Green) | 598 |
| Modulus of Elasticity in kg/cm2 (Green) | 74600 |
| Modulus of Rupture kg/cm2 (Dry) | 719 |
| Modulus of Elasticity in kg/cm2 (Dry) | 91500 |
| Uses | Cotton reels in textile mills, plywood, furniture and cabinets, tool handles, agricultural implements, bentwood articles construction works and toys, fuel wood, match splints & boxes, brushware, carts & carriages, lowquality furniture, temporary constructional purposes, pulp making, combs, plough and plough handles, yokes, picture frames and bobbins. |
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